(Sorted by areas)
Study on psychophysiological and neurochemical models of individual organization for integrative brain functions (attention, memory, emotions and creative activity) and neurovegetative (neuroimmune, neuroendocrinal) activity in health and psychosomatic and affective disorders.
Psychophysiology Laboratory
Head — Prof. Lyubomir Aftanas, M.D., RAMS member
The research team has worked out priority data on motivational attention neurophysiologic and neurovegetative mechanisms and the human individual variability of same.
The team has succeeded in finding the leading role of distributed neuronal theta oscillators in signal emotive rate recognition and sorting out a system of “prompt response” to motivationally significant stimuli. The nonlinear mechanisms of cortical emotions have first been studied through the nonlinear dynamics and systems theory. One of the biggest developments and adoptions at the Russian Traffic Ministry and Interior Department is a genuine approach to individualized psychophysiological prophylaxis and treatment of disorders caused by mental stress (hypertension, peptic ulcer and etc.).
On inquiring the psychophysiological and socioeconomic factors of children’s and adolescent adaptation and the disorders of same it has been found that as many as 15-20% of the Russian children and adolescents show evident disorders.
The most abundant are emotional and behavior disorders followed closely by hyperactivity.
Cognition Physiology Laboratory
Head — Prof. Nina Volf, Doctor of Biological Sciences
The Institute is proud of their world’s first discovery of frequency and spatial characteristics of brain electrobiological activity, which underlie sexual dimorphism in voice data processing strategies and evidence that men prefer the sinistrocerebral strategies while women use mostly the dextrocerebral.
A firm ground has been built up to prove that such difference might have been caused by the interhemispheric competition with the male brain and cooperation with the female.
Memory Regulation Mechanisms Laboratory
Head — Nina Dubrovina, Doctor of Biological Sciences
The spatio-temporal patterns of cortical activity have been deduced from experiments as well as the priority of gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine receptors in the mechanisms of selective attention, extinction of memory trace and amnesia depending on the individual psychoemotional state.
The selectiveness of cortical activity bonds to the test adults’ trait anxiety factors and impulsion as well as to the activity of systems of positive and negative reward and adolescent psychopathology intensity has been demonstrated in different electroencephalogramic frequency ranges.
It has been found that the activity of behavioral activation system (BAS) is high provided cortical activity desynchronization in the alpha-2 and alpha-3 electroencephalogramic ranges while synchronization of same leads to the low BAS activity.
Neurochemical Modulation Laboratory
Head — Galina Idova, Doctor of Biological Sciences
The central neurotransmitter systems have been found to participate in the immune function control mechanisms. An important role of psychoemotional state has first been recognized for immunomodulation under the stress and pharmacological intervention, which influences on the certain receptors in the brain dopamine and serotonin systems.
This massive work belongs to the area of the “study on the body functional state dynamics under the influence of sub-extreme and extreme factors in health and none”.
Body Functional Reserves Laboratory
Head — Prof. Sergey Krivoschyokov, M.D.
Multiparameter analyses of physiological systems’ functional state have made it possible to study the changeover processes in the autonomic function regulation, hypoxic and hypercapnic sensitivity, gas exchange, peripheral circulation and thermoregulation at severe short-time and repeated exposure (frost, oxygen starvation, exercise stress).
A new state - incomplete adaptation - has been discovered. It is characterized by a complex of relentless residual compensatory reactions in the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and the systems of external respiration regulation and gas exchange at peripheral afferentation pull simultaneous decrease.
The incomplete adaptation state makes a negative impact on the body functional reserves and stress resistance. It declares itself to some extent with the chronic patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, CHD, diabetes).
Altai Branch
Head — Prof. Valeriy Kiselyov, M.D., RAMS Corresponding Member
It has been established that under exercise stress the cerebral perfusion remains at a fixed level within a wide range of arteriotony variations and indicates consistency of the cerebral circulation autoregulation mechanism.
The laboratory has developed a dopplerographic test for cerebral circulation autoregulation evaluation. The test method is based on exercise stress – transcranial stress-dopplerography.
Respiration Physiology Laboratory
Head — Oleg Grishin, M.D.
The Microcirculation Laboratory has specified the basic stages of external respiratory system adaptation to disturbing ecological factors. It has made it possible to find the tolerance box of normal external respiration coefficients.
A clear link between the peripheral thermoreception and the human external respiration parameters has been fixed. This evidences that thermoreceptors take part in both: the normal respiration pattern formation and organism frost adaptation.
It has first been established that gas exchange inhibition in the respiratory parts precedes a pulmonary pathology. This finding can serve as an early signal of pathologic process in the lungs.
Microcirculation Laboratory
Head — Viktor Baranov, Candidate of Biological Sciences
A profound research has been made on the blood circulation models of wild and laboratory rodents, molluscan shellfishes, frogs, fishes, seals and hens. The results have provided for specification of basic vascular system organization principles with mammals, birds and fish. Currently the main focus is the microcirculatory part of the circulatory bed. Today the laboratory studies the processes securing intratissular balance of oxygen demand, delivery and intake, functional and structural reserves of the organs’ microcirculatory system.
The laboratory has obtained the diffusion and functional parameters of oxygen transfer that help find cell critical size: a bigger size would lead to bloodflow-noncompensible oxygen starvation. For instance, the muscle fiber oxygen diffusion efficiency factor helps control cardiac hystiocyte critical diameter. This would save many hypertrophy cases.
Thermophysiology Laboratory
Head — Prof. Tamara Kozyreva, Doctor of Biological Sciences
The Adaptive Process Regulation laboratory has worked out rules to which the organism adaptive changes arise in response to cold exposure. The team has also clarified the role of sympathetic nervous system in those adaptive processes. Besides, the findings have made it possible to specify the changes of gene expression under the conditions of temperature adaptation.
A series of thermoreception neurophysiologic fundamentals has been drawn up, e.g. significant data on the cortical and hypothalamic temperature information processing, the mechanisms of peripheral and central thermoreceptors modulation by bioactive substances, the role of peripheral thermoreceptors in the human and animal effector thermoprotective response forming.
Last years have brought a number of new proceedings on the thermoregulatory and immune systems’ interaction under condition of cold. Such thorough research bears much practical significance – organism thermal tolerance evaluation.
The laboratory keeps inquiring into the questions of neurogenomic mechanisms of temperature sensitivity modulation and maintenance of temperature homeostasis.
Adaptive Process Regulation laboratory
Head — Mikhail Gilinskiy, Doctor of Biological Sciences
Great efforts have been contributed to a comprehensive study of the ischemic phenomenon of high noradrenaline output into the myocardium.
This phenomenon proves a well-grounded neurochemical cause avalanche-like course. It has been proved that even a long-term ischemia does not exhaust the myocardial noradrenaline; however the mediator ischemic output mechanisms go awry at that.
Pathophysiology Laboratory and Electron Microscopy Laboratory
Head — Prof. Grigoriy Yakobson, M.D., RAMS member, Head — Irina Buzueva, Candidate of Biological Sciences
The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry has performed in-depth analysis of the neuroendocrine regulation mechanisms of hereditary stress-induced hypertension.
The results evidenced that the hypertension progress of the test animals with a hereditary strain of hypertension could be modeled through proper upbringing conditions and short-term pharmaceutical treatment during the critical points of early postnatal ontogeny. Adult animals thus would have a softer course of the blood-pressure disorder.
The Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry has disclosed the biological value of dehydroisoandrosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone sulphate suprarenal androgens in the stress resistance regulation and prevention of chronic stress-induced pathologies.
Study on cellular and molecular-level physiological regulation mechanisms in health and none.
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
Head — Prof. Tatyana Korolenko, M.D.
On study of animal experimental tumors and human malignant growths the Functional Neuromorphology Laboratory has proved the hypothesis of importance of cysteine and aspartyl proteases in the growing and dissemination of tumor.
Cysteine protease activity regulation malfunction has been found to cause the endogenic inhibitor deficit (cystatin C and stefin A) in the tumor tissue.
The blood serum cathepsins B, L - cystatin C ratio distortion have first been claimed as new hemoblastosis treatment effectiveness prognostics.
Functional Neuromorphology Laboratory
Head — Viktor Spiridonov, M.D.
Studying the role of primary sensory neurons in the homeostasis has resulted in the find of the significance of peptidergic sensory neurons’ control over the tissue structural-functional integrity involving the Са2+ — and NO-mechanisms.
It has been shown that a capsaicin impact on peptide-containing sensory neurons causes tissue dystrophy and necrosis, blood protein changes – reduction of a1,2 and y- globulins, a1- antitrypsin serine proteinase inhibitor activity, increase of the albumin content and NO-metabolite level.
The Ca2+-dependent proteinase activity jump against its endogen inhibitor drop has been found to take place in the liver tissue.
Chronophysiology Laboratory
Head — Prof. Valeriy Trufakin, M.D., RAMS member
An experiment has been conducted on the DNA-binding activity of PPAR comparing to the DNA-binding activity of LXR, PXR, CAR, HNF-4, mRNA expression and PPRA protein abundance in the liver, lipid, lipoprotein and apoprotein indicators, glucose content at sucrose introduction, blood insulin level and systolic pressure of the rats with hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) in comparison with a series of normotensive WAG rats.
The ISIAH rats showed a considerably increased DNA-binding activity of PPAR, CAR, LXR and PXR to define against the WAG rats. The mRNA and PPAR-alpha protein levels in the ISIAH rat liver proved to be 56 and 20% respectively higher than those of the WAG rats.
This arose owing to the changes of blood lipid and lipoprotein spectrum, blood glucose level, arteriotony, body mass – typical symptoms of the metabolic syndrome.
